H.266/VVC: Everything You Need to Know - VideoProc (2024)

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Versatile Video Coding (hereafter referred to as VVC or H.266) standard was finalized by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) on July 6, 2020. In the following two years, Access Advance and MPEG LA launched VVC/H.266 patent pools separately. Meanwhile, more open-source H.266 encoders come into being, such as VVenC by Fraunhofer HHI and x266 by MulticoreWare.

Everybody talks about H.266/VCC and its 30 to 50 percent higher compression ratio, but not enough people dig into the reasons and details lying beneath the surface. Why do people keep moving forward on video coding formats? What makes H.266 better than H.265, H.264, AV1 or VP9?

If you need both a simple conclusion of what life-changing impacts H.266 would have and an in-depth analysis of video compression algorithm improvements, you are at the right place.

The goal of video compression never changes

Video compression standards, especially lossy video codecs like HEVC, H.264, VP9 and AV1, are developed with the intention to cut redundant information without damaging quality much, and ease the burden of bandwidth during data transmission accordingly. The new codec VVC is no exception. As you may imagine, with the advance of video resolution, there might be H.267, H.268, etc in the future for 16K and higher. (Besides encoding videos with such lossy video codecs, there are several other ways for video compression.)

How staggering the average bit rate number would be for transmitting an HD video without compression? For a 1080p 30fps video, it would be 1423.82 Mbps. When it comes to streaming a second of 4K, the number reaches up to around 6 Gbps. [1]

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What Is H.266/VVC?

H.266/VVC is MPEG's next-generation video encoding and decoding standard. It is designed as the successor to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) for further alleviating stress on large data transmission like 4K, 8K and even 16K UHD videos, as new codec always has been.

Compared with royalty-free video coding formats like AVI and VP9, H.26x series including H.266, H.265, H.264, etc. are proprietary with numbers of patent pool administrators.

The Advantages of H.266/VVC

Normally, one of the reasons that a new video coding standard is worth spreading is due to the huge improvement of video compression algorithm. The higher the compression ratio, the less the bit rate for data transmission, the smaller the file size would be. Then, what are the benefits of H.266?

  • H.266 comes with new algorithm, 30% to 50% higher compression rate for the same video quality than HEVC.
  • A video file encoded in VVC therefore would be much smaller than in HEVC, let alone in AVC.
  • In terms of quality, H.266 now is the one barely any codec can match at the same file size.
  • VVC is better for streaming UHD content in 4K, 8K and even 16K on TV.
  • Better support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360° video.
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Coding Efficiency - VVC vs HEVC vs AV1

What makes the new standard H.266/VVC codec eagerly anticipated is that there is no further tradeoff between file size and quality compared with AV1, HEVC, etc. Namely, same size, better quality. Then what are the exact bit rate savings of VVC? How long does H.266 take to encode a 4K video? Authorities have made the test for us. Check the comparison of video coding efficiency (H.266 vs H.265 vs AV1 vs H.264) below.

To understand the statistics, you need to know:

  1. VTM and SCM are performance test models for H.266, while HM/x265/NVENC 265 for HEVC.
  2. BD-rate is used to evaluate coding efficiency, indicating the changing of bit rate and PSNR.
  3. PSNR, abbreviation of peak signal-to-noise ratio, is widely used as the metric of subjective video quality.
  4. A negative BD-rate value means reduction of bit rate at the same quality level.
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What does the data tell us?

  • Coding efficiency: H.266 > AV1 > H.265 > H.264
  • Encoding/decoding difficulty: H.266 > AV1 > H.265 > H.264
  • H.266/VVC optimizes both Intra and Inter video coding algorithms.
  • Roughly speaking, the higher the resolution is, the more bit rate VVC saves.

VVC vs AV1

Actually, there are far more testing data than what we present above. Things are a little different from sequence to sequence. Generally, VVC is superior to AV1 in terms of video coding efficiency, but AV1 is not really far behind. It even exceeds H.266 when dealing with 1080p HD or lower-resolution videos.

For example. HEVC and AV1 play the leading role in efficient HD/UHD video coding. A 1080p video at 23.97 fps (total 3min 15s) is 50.9MB in H.264, while 17.1MB in HEVC and 16.6MB in AV1. Based on the 30-50% bit rate reduction, it would be only about 9MB in H.266/VVC.

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Remember that when you need to conduct a comparison between two codecs, better not use the file re-encoded with video converter software, which might be re-compressed with different settings. Although the file size is smaller, the quality degrades, as the following picture shows.

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VVC Coding Algorithm Improvements

Now you know VVC is likely to save up to 50% bit rate while maintaining the same quality, compared to its predecessors and competitors. To be sure, it is a huge leap forward in data compression. If you are interested in taking a deep dive into what exactly contributes to such high video coding efficiency, check the following comparison of intra/inter coding process of H.266, H.265 and H.264.

To understand coding process better, get the basic ideas first:

  1. Video compression consists of two main parts - intra compression and inter compression.
  2. Intra compression is to remove spatial redundancy, while inter is to remove temporal redundancy.
  3. The larger the coding tree unit (CTU) size, the higher the coding efficiency. [5]
  4. Prediction modes with more candidates and longer interpolation filter improve precision.
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What does the data tell us?

  • Both intra and inter coding algorithms are enhanced in VVC.
  • Multi-type tree partitioning, including quad-tree, ternary-tree and binary-tree improves coding efficiency.
  • A series of new technologies are used to refine inter prediction precision.

FAQ

Which hardware will adopt H.266/VVC?

MC-IF is now developing chips for making it easy to encode and decode H.266/VVC on more smartphones and computers. It is also widely believed that all the companies in MC-IF will be in support first. So the list of supported devices should include Apple TV, iPhone iPad, Huawei products, Samsung TV, Sharp TV, Microsoft Xbox, Nokia, Intel's video encoding and decoding hardware (CPU and graphics).

Which software will adopt H.266/VVC?

Fraunhofer HHI, the developer company in Germany, will release the first software that supports H.266/VVC. Also, video transcoders are supposed to support this codec in the first time. Video players and editing programs with powerful decoding ability will keep up, sooner or later.

  • VVC Video converters: such as VideoProc Converter AI, WinX HD Video Converter Deluxe, MacX Video Converter Pro, Any Video Converter Ultimate and Pavtube Video Converter Ultimate.
  • Video players: 5KPlayer, Pot Player, MPV, MPC-HC, VLC (it requires downloading video codec on github), KMPlayer, etc.
  • Video editing software: VideoProc Vlogger, Adobe Premiere Pro, Vegas Pro, Final Cut Pro X, VSDC, etc.

Will H.266/VVC Replace HEVC and H264?

The H.266 codec has an obvious advantage on 4K and 8K videos. With the advent of 5G era and people's increasing demand of ultra-high resolution image, H.266 technology seems very competitive, especially in the fields of broadcasting, security, education, medical, entertainment, etc.

But things may be not that desirable. HEVC is a negative example: the standard was finalized in 2013, but was not supported by Apple Inc. until 2017. H.264 is still playing a dominant role.

Therefore, it would be 3-5 years before H.266 is generally supported by more hardware and software. Some experts expect that this new codec would not be widely accepted and used until 2027. It is not expected to replace H.264 and HEVC. Instead, we will enter a new era with the coexistence of multiple codecs.

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The development of H.266/VVC

From October 2017 when proposals were called for, it took three years to confirm the standard. Many companies involved in and gave support, including Apple, DJI, Ericsson, Intel, Huawei, Microsoft, Qualcomm, Samsung and Sony. A new group called the Media Coding Industry Forum (MC-IF) with 34 members worldwide was founded for avoid the previous licensing issue in HEVC.

HEVC Advance LLC ("Advance") announced a draft VVC Licensing Program Overview on August 20, 2020. The "Advance Licensing Platform" for Video Codecs is expected to launch next year. This license structure will provide not only a stand-alone "VVC Platform License", but also a "Joint HEVC + VVC Platform License". That means, the products with both VVC and HEVC technologies are expected to enjoy a substantial discount. From this respect, the future utilization and popularity of VVC codec will be promising.

Reference

[1] Avg. bit rate (Mbps) = Frame size (width pixels * length pixels * 3 Bytes * 8 bits) * Frame rate / 1024 / 1024
[2] Performance comparison of screen content coding between HEVC and VVC - JVET
[3] A comprehensive video codec comparison - Cambridge University
[4] Testing AV1 and VVC - BBC
[5] HEVC Wikipedia - HEVC bit rate increased by 2.2% when forced to use a 32×32 CTU size, and 11.0% when use 16×16.

H.266/VVC: Everything You Need to Know - VideoProc (2024)

FAQs

H.266/VVC: Everything You Need to Know - VideoProc? ›

H. 266/VVC is MPEG's next-generation video encoding and decoding standard. It is designed as the successor to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H. 265) for further alleviating stress on large data transmission like 4K, 8K and even 16K UHD videos, as new codec always has been.

Is H.266 being used? ›

266 is not currently a standard codec. A standard codec is widely accepted and used across various devices and platforms. H. 266 still needs to be a standard codec because it's relatively new.

What is the difference between H 265 and H 266? ›

H. 265 has a standard use of 35 intra-prediction modes. H. 266 improved Interframe Prediction standards by incorporating MV resolution offering granularity up to 1/16 luma samples.

What is VVC used for? ›

Uses of VVC

In general, the VVC codec is used for video encoding. However, it has several other specific use cases, including video conferencing and OTT streaming. The main purpose is to make these types of streaming at 4K resolution.

What is the difference between Hevc and VVC? ›

VVC (H. 266) offers significant improvements in compression efficiency compared to HEVC (H. 265), delivering better video quality at lower bitrates. This makes it particularly suitable for streaming high-resolution content like 4K, 8K, and 360-degree videos, while reducing the strain on networks.

What is the difference between h264 and h266? ›

265 can achieve up to 50% more compression than H. 264, which means that it can transmit the same quality video using less bandwidth or storage. This makes H. 265 ideal for high-resolution video formats such as 4K and 8K.

Is AV1 better than H265? ›

In terms of content availability and streaming quality, both codecs deliver high-quality streaming experiences. However, AV1's superior compression efficiency means it can deliver high-quality streams at lower bitrates, making it a more efficient choice for content providers.

Does h265 lose quality? ›

Estimates vary regarding the potential savings, as multiple factors will impact real-world results, but as a guideline, field tests commonly show that H. 265 can decrease bit rate requirements and associated storage needs by approximately 30% with no perceived loss to video quality.

Does h265 look better than h264? ›

265 is a new way of making video files smaller and better. It is also called HEVC or MPEG-H Part 2. It is better than the old way, H. 264 or AVC, because it can save more details and colors with less space.

Why is H 265 not used? ›

There is a reason why this codec, although approved since 2013, has not been 100% adopted. The rationale is because compression algorithms can become complex and much more computing power is needed. This means that exporting a video in H. 265 takes much longer than if we tried to export the same video in H.

How does VVC work? ›

The mechanics of how it works:

In its simplest form, what the VVC mechanism does, is to speed up and slow down the camshaft so that the length of time the inlet valves are open can be varied without the profile of camshaft changing.

What does VVC mean in electronics? ›

A variable voltage converter (VVC) is configured to provide bidirectional voltage boost and buck from an input side to an output side. A VVC can include a voltage control portion and a battery charging portion.

What is the next generation video codec? ›

These advanced codecs aim to improve encoding efficiency and quality, taking video streaming to the next level. Next-generation codecs like H. 265/HEVC, AV1, and H. 266/VVC have been designed to be more efficient than their predecessors, H.

Is VVC better than AV1? ›

Comparing VVC with AV1

However, VVC is reported to provide slightly better compression efficiency than AV1, albeit at the cost of increased computational complexity. In terms of adoption, AV1 has a head start, with several major industry players already using AV1 for video streaming.

Which is better 4K or HEVC? ›

While AVC set a commendable standard, HEVC takes it a notch higher, compressing video files to nearly half the size of AVC without losing quality. Resolution Handling: While AVC can handle 4K, HEVC is better at it and even smoothly handles 8K UHD, making it the choice for future-proofing content delivery.

Which codec is better than HEVC? ›

While HEVC offers better compression and quality, making it ideal for high-definition content, AVC remains widely supported and may be the better choice for compatibility with older devices. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each codec will help you make an informed decision.

Is H 265 widely used? ›

H. 264 and H. 265 are both video compression standards(or codecs) that provide high-quality video streaming and reduce the size of video files. Both are widely used in the media industry, but there are many differences between the two.

Is H 265 the future? ›

H. 265 has rapidly gained traction, expanding its adoption across streaming services, video surveillance, and 4K broadcasting. Its efficiency and superior quality make it a key player in the evolving video landscape. H.

References

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